Accept and Parents free essay sample

Explain what is meant by partnership model of working with careers: A partnership model works around the theory of collaboration, coming together with understanding and effectives ways of communicating. Its a way that helps to recognise how the very best outcomes can happen for children when their care, development and learning provision ie. a setting, a home, individuals and groups/family all work cooperatively. Give one example and then evaluate how your work in the setting reflects the need to work in partnership with parents or careers Cypop 1:5. Learning journeys are given to parents every six weeks, it gives the parents an in-depth account of the child’s, work, activity’s, development stage and interests, it shows pictures and examples of work. This reflects the partnership with parents. What reasons might parents and carers have for not working in partnership with the early years setting: There could be a range of reasons why parents and carers have for not working in partnership with the early years setting such as; fear of communicating, a lack of time due to a job, personal reason e. We will write a custom essay sample on Accept and Parents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g. bereavement or divorce, knowing the teacher outside of school. How might these barriers to participate be overcome: These barriers could be overcome by positive communication- a parent to teacher conference, gain there confidence and trust by spending time with them, make time for working parents, time that suits them- home visits, meet their additional needs. Some parents may react negatively to partnership opportunities. What strategies could you use to encourage and support them In this area? It’s important to understand that not all parents wish to take part with working in partnership and some parents may react in a negative manner but by not putting any pressure on them it may result in them having a more positive attitude. Some carers may find it difficult to accept their child needs assessments to identify possible learning difficulties this can be helped with being sensitive and listening to any concerns the parent may have and offering lots of support and information and give plenty of time for discussions, explain that they will be informed about any changes and that their child will not be singled out. If parents/carers are still not happy get SENCO to offer advice and also the head teacher to offer support to the parents and staff. Parents tend to accept it more if it’s about their child’s learning but find it more difficult to accept if it’s about their child’s behaviour. It’s important to listen to what the carers and the child are saying and trying your best to explain it’s in the best interest of the child giving lots of advice and answering any questions they may. Explain that by getting outside agencies in they too can give advice to staff and parents in the best ways to deal with the situation in order for their child to reach their full potential, and hold meetings in school if its more convenient for the parents/carers. Some parents or careers are very keen to take advantage of partnership opportunities how could you ensure that they remain positive about this? Dont turn people away: try to accommodate whats being offered. If it seems difficult work out what your restrictions are, the benefits of the offer and how a solution can be organised. Type of events requesting input: how do you know what parents want to be involved with? eg. their child/rens development, health, well-being, fundraising, resource suggestion, skill provision, learning activities. Methods of contact: do you overcome communication barriers and fit means of contact to suit a parent/carer: email, txt, large print, audio, send newsletters, post events on a website, have access to resources written/signed for additional language needs. Request feedback: how do you engage thoughts and feelings on things about to happen, that have happened, plans for the future. Explain the primary importance of carers in the lives of babies and young children Cypop1:5,1-They know their child the best, they know their likes and dislikes as well as their needs. They see them at night time and evening. Parents are the nurturers and should love and care for their children Accept and Parents free essay sample Explain what is meant by partnership model of working with careers: A partnership model works around the theory of collaboration, coming together with understanding and effectives ways of communicating. Its a way that helps to recognise how the very best outcomes can happen for children when their care, development and learning provision ie. a setting, a home, individuals and groups/family all work cooperatively. Give one example and then evaluate how your work in the setting reflects the need to work in partnership with parents or careers Cypop 1:5. Learning journeys are given to parents every six weeks, it gives the parents an in-depth account of the child’s, work, activity’s, development stage and interests, it shows pictures and examples of work. This reflects the partnership with parents. What reasons might parents and carers have for not working in partnership with the early years setting: There could be a range of reasons why parents and carers have for not working in partnership with the early years setting such as; fear of communicating, a lack of time due to a job, personal reason e. We will write a custom essay sample on Accept and Parents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g. bereavement or divorce, knowing the teacher outside of school. How might these barriers to participate be overcome: These barriers could be overcome by positive communication- a parent to teacher conference, gain there confidence and trust by spending time with them, make time for working parents, time that suits them- home visits, meet their additional needs. Some parents may react negatively to partnership opportunities. What strategies could you use to encourage and support them In this area? It’s important to understand that not all parents wish to take part with working in partnership and some parents may react in a negative manner but by not putting any pressure on them it may result in them having a more positive attitude. Some carers may find it difficult to accept their child needs assessments to identify possible learning difficulties this can be helped with being sensitive and listening to any concerns the parent may have and offering lots of support and information and give plenty of time for discussions, explain that they will be informed about any changes and that their child will not be singled out. If parents/carers are still not happy get SENCO to offer advice and also the head teacher to offer support to the parents and staff. Parents tend to accept it more if it’s about their child’s learning but find it more difficult to accept if it’s about their child’s behaviour. It’s important to listen to what the carers and the child are saying and trying your best to explain it’s in the best interest of the child giving lots of advice and answering any questions they may. Explain that by getting outside agencies in they too can give advice to staff and parents in the best ways to deal with the situation in order for their child to reach their full potential, and hold meetings in school if its more convenient for the parents/carers. Some parents or careers are very keen to take advantage of partnership opportunities how could you ensure that they remain positive about this? Dont turn people away: try to accommodate whats being offered. If it seems difficult work out what your restrictions are, the benefits of the offer and how a solution can be organised. Type of events requesting input: how do you know what parents want to be involved with? eg. their child/rens development, health, well-being, fundraising, resource suggestion, skill provision, learning activities. Methods of contact: do you overcome communication barriers and fit means of contact to suit a parent/carer: email, txt, large print, audio, send newsletters, post events on a website, have access to resources written/signed for additional language needs. Request feedback: how do you engage thoughts and feelings on things about to happen, that have happened, plans for the future. Explain the primary importance of carers in the lives of babies and young children Cypop1:5,1-They know their child the best, they know their likes and dislikes as well as their needs. They see them at night time and evening. Parents are the nurturers and should love and care for their children.

Speech on Hamlet Essay

Speech on Hamlet Essay Speech on Hamlet Essay ‘Speak to me. Speak to me. Oh speak. For which they say you spirits oft walk in death, speak of it. Stay and speak!’ Already in the first scene of the play Shakespeare begins to forewarn the audience against the evils of revenge. Horatio, the most loyal, cautious friend of Hamlets, witnesses the appearance of the ghost. In the renaissance period, those who believed in spirits, trusted that the presence of one meant that they had unfinished business to attend. Though this idea was both supernatural and horrifying to the Elizabethan audience, it made clearly evident that the ghost, ‘In the same figure, like the Kind that’s dead’, came back for a reason and one that was unpleasant. Hamlet’s perception is that the prior King was the ultimate father; he was his idol and ‘his fathers brother, but no more like his father’. As the conversation with Claudius, Gertrude and himself, he begins to communicate his disgust for Gertrude and says s o with, ‘to post with such dexterity to incestuous sheets.’ Here, the audience recognizes the actions of his mother can never be forgiven by Hamlet and that Claudius will never replace his father. ‘Foul deeds will rise’, and ‘So art thou to revenge, when thou shalt hear’. These thoughts establish the foreshadowing events of revenge throughout the entire play. When Hamlet commences his descent into madness, his thoughts create the idea to assemble a play within a play, the murder of Gonzago. He justifies the reasoning by stating that if Claudius is disturbed, he will then reveal guilt for his actions, ‘Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the King’. Shakespeare stages this for the audience and the characters in the play are able to understand the validity of Claudius as the murderer of the late King and the potential outcomes of this revenge against evil. As death is the primary concern within the play and the worst result of most revenge tragedies at the time, Hamlets differentiation is that his madness is ‘deeply ambiguous’. This manipulative plot instigates the actions of revenge feigned by the evils that madness can induce. As Hamlets disgust and loathing of Claudius develops in Act 1, scene 3, his pace and short phrases hasten to match his quicken thoughts. Shakespeare does this to alert the audience of the suspense that arises with hamlets tone. His unfinished lines portray the irrationality of his thoughts that lead to, ‘take him in the purging’, of Claudius’ soul. His forceful, commanding dialogue towards Gertrude in the next scene, ‘come, come and sit you down, you shall not budge,’ allude to the action being taken to avenge Claudius and perform his murder. As he kills Polonius,’ thou wretched, rash,

The news' topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The news' topic - Essay Example American citizens also suffer from it. â€Å"Pollution from  China  travels in large quantities across the Pacific Ocean to the  United States, a new study has found, making environmental and health problems unexpected side effects of U.S. demand for cheap  China-manufactured goods† (Pollution From China Is Hitting Americas West Coast). This testifies that China should take serious measures, which should be directed at the reducing emission. The question is that who is responsible for pollution made by one country, while it is working for another country’s benefit: â€Å"international cooperation to reduce transboundary transport of air pollution must confront the question of who is responsible for emissions in one country during production of goods to support consumption in another† (cited in Pollution From China Is Hitting Americas West Coast). The only way out is the international cooperation directed at reducing emissions, which cause air pollution in China. Unfortunately, as it is stated in the article, the efforts were already made, but appeared to be

You may choose any comparison-contrast approach related to person, Assignment

You may choose any comparison-contrast approach related to person, place or things - Assignment Example It is apparent that both leaders advocated for non-violent ways of settling their grievances. For instance, Mandela borrowed ideologies and principles from Gandhi who had insisted on negotiation with the black Africans and Indian administrators. Similarly, Mandela and Gandhi were revolutionists who fought for the rights of other citizens (Dalton, 2012). This implies that the two leaders mobilized people to help them fight for changes by pushing the administrators to transform their ruling strategies. It is also evident that Mandela was similar to Gandhi in that they were against social segregation and discrimination across South Africa (Limb, 2008). For instance, as a lawyer in South Africa, Gandhi did not like the way the Indians faced mistreatments from other ethnic groups. Mandela also led the anti-apartheid movement that separated the blacks against the Europeans in the country. This indicates that they had similar approaches of influencing equality and appreciation of separate r aces within the country. However, some differences were also evident between the two prominent leaders. For instance, while Mandela fought for the interests of his people, he emerged as a political leader. He also formed a political party that acquired independence for the black liberators. In contrast, Gandhi later became a religious nationalist in his native country India (Dalton, 2012). Another difference is that Gandhi never had political ambitions and only fought for the liberation of people against the British (Dalton, 2012). Mandela had political ambitions that enabled him to contest in a democratic election where he emerged the victor. It is also different that Gandhi was instrumental in both his country and in South Africa where he led the campaigners for change (Limb, 2008). Contrastingly, Mandela only participated in his home country where he was

Discuss the need for volunteers to serve in the community and evaluate Essay

Discuss the need for volunteers to serve in the community and evaluate your own experience - Essay Example The US military and medical filed has a long tradition of using the services of volunteers (Ellis). Moreover, community volunteering is essential for parish services, eradicating superstitions from the society, giving awareness to illiterate people about the needs of education, giving aids to the people when they faces some kind of natural or manmade disasters, giving aid to the physically or mentally disordered persons etc. Community volunteer services are of two kinds. In some cases the volunteers get remuneration whereas in some other cases, the volunteers extend their services free of cost. In any case, the need for community volunteers and their services are increasing in the current world as the governments have limitations in serving the public to their utmost satisfaction. This paper briefly explains the need for community volunteering and my own experience as a community volunteer. â€Å"The United Nations proclaimed the year 2001 as the "International Year of Volunteers" to celebrate the vital contributions of volunteers worldwide† (Kimberley et al). Community volunteering is taking place in almost every country in different forms. At the time of writing this report, reports from Haiti shows that more than 100000 people dead and many injured due to a severe earthquake happened there a couple of days before. Reports show that many people are still alive under the destructed building struggling to get out from there. Community volunteers can contribute a lot in giving aid to the people of Haiti. As the Haiti administration have lot of limitations in assisting these people, the services of international community workers are essential for Haiti at present.   Rescue teams from countries including China and France have already reached the capital of Haiti (UN chief "heartened" by scale of global response to help Haiti quake victims). Haiti disaster is one

Why Do Young People Commit So Many Crimes Criminology Essay

Why Do Young People Commit So Many Crimes Criminology Essay The rate of crime had been increasing before the year of 1995. Law, sociology, physiology and other disciplines tend to view the criminals as abnormal persons from moral point. The causes of crime are criminal psychology, the genetic characteristics and social environment. They think that youth criminal have no moral value and feelings, who crime without clear motives and do not consider the punishment. In 1998, Stephen Levitt used the economic methods of maximized behavior, market equilibrium and stable preferences to explain the youth crime in his Juvenile Crime and Punishment. He believed that young offenders are also completely rational economic man, who will carefully trade off the cost, income balance, then seek to maximized benefits. Levitt tested the strongly direct correlation between the number of juvenile crime and juvenile justice system punishment from 1978 to 1993. Based on this theory, this paper aims to discuss the specific causes of youth crime in Canada, and analysis would be made on the data of Statistics Canada. Following this, some suggestions would be given on how to reduce the number of young people committing crime. 2.0 Discussion 2.1 According to the course of the economics of crime and punishment, what are the possible determinant factors impacting on young people crime? The causes of youth crime are various. Crime is the consequences of different social, cultural, economic and family conditions (Muhammad, 2008). Generally, because there are so many causes this paper select some reasons and discuss them particularly. (1) Social environment Social environment has long been recognized as the major cause of the youth crime, which include school environment and community environment. The problem of youth crime is not alone but a part of the whole society. That is to say the violence of youth is part of the violence of adult. The economics of crime and punishment has three assumptions. In the beginning, everyone is a rational person who can decide their own behavior and maximize their benefits. What is more, whoever crimes will suffer punishment since each one is equal and the possibility of punishment is 0 to 100 percent. In the last, the more severe punishment will be given for the more serious crime. As a matter of fact, young people usually spend a lot time in school, so school environment has deep influence on youth crime. Statistics show that currently there is a sharp growth trend of juvenile delinquency in the United States, and the U.S. youth homicide and suicide increased by 3.2 times in the past decade. During the same time, the ratio of aged under 15 dead because of shot is 12 times higher than the ratio of other 25 countries combined. In recent years because of violence in the campus, the youth of United States is suffering pain about widespread youth violence. Although among all the murder and suicide case only 1% occurred in the campus, the figure has an anticipation of fast growing. Meanwhile aside from school, young people also spend much time in community where they can know peers and do meaningful things together. From the assumption of the rational economic person, community activities can help individual realize the maximum of ones own benefit. However young people are always sensitive about the others opinions so that they are influenced by others easily and then they will imitate others behaviors. (2) Economic condition In general, poverty and unemployment of economic condition which are two major factors influence the youth crime. Between the benefits and justice, the criminals always select the first due to the economics of crime and punishment. This theory fully considered the probability of the two kinds of cost, and then looked for a method which can save the most for the society. Thus the standard of estimating a policy is not depended on the justice and fairness but on the beneficial result. Firstly if one can not afford the cost of his life, the possibility he choose to crime will be higher. That is because he need to live but he can not receive money from a legal way. Through a classic Becker type model, economists estimate how potential criminals cost in the legitimate job market by using an unemployment data. The analysis shows that unemployment and crime are positively correlated in the cross-section dimension. Meanwhile the rate of youth unemployment increasing leads to increases in crime. To decrease crime, it seems that all strategies chosen to combat youth unemployment should be examined. Secondly poverty is a reasonable factor to understand. Despite the benefit system of the whole society has been designed to fulfill daily needs of each person, the gap of the poor and the rich are becoming deeper and deeper. The reason why young people commit crime is they do not want to work and the cost of crime can ignore easily. (3) Family effects All in all, there are many aspects in the family structure which can lead to youth crime, such as family clash, parents low income, ignorance of parents, lack of communication, family breakup, family violence, and so on. Improvements in all invisible areas should be focused on by crime prevention. In order to design the policy more effective, each factor should be identified the contribution to the youth crime. To begin with, as a proverb said a persons character is mostly from his family or the environment he live. With the increases of divorce, family harmony is broke up. Young people themselves do not have enough knowledge to differ the bad from the good, so they need their parents help. If they do not receive enough information and supervision, the possibility of crime will get higher. What is more, neighborhood effects on crime and delinquency for male and female youth is an important fact. According to an experiment evidence, female youth arrested for violent and property crimes are relative to a group which has many members from lower-poverty areas. In opposite, males arrested decreases for violent crime, at least in the short time, but increases property crime. The different treatment between male and female youth effects appears to mirror differences in what disadvantaged backgrounds male and female youths from and how each gender responds to same new neighborhood environments. 2.2 Explain the data about youth crime at Statistics Canada. Use econometrics methods to analyze the specific reasons of the increasing number about young people crime in Canada. (1) Rates of youth crime According to the data of Canada given (Statistics Canada, 2006), the rates of youth violent crime and total Criminal Code offences (excluding traffic) climbed up while the rates of property crime dropped from 2005 to 2006. In 2006, there are almost 180,000 young people involved in some crime of the Criminal Code, excluding traffic offences. This means that in this age group nearly 6.8% youth crime accused. Both the total amount and rate of young people charged for homicide got their highest point during the past two decades. Among the young people, the number of youth violent crimes nearly takes up one quarter of the total number for youth committing crime. Youth crimes reported for Criminal Code offences 2006 2005-2006 1997-2006 Number of youth charged Number of youth cleared by means other than charging Total youth accused Youth crime rate Youth crime rate % change in total youth crime rate Violent crime 20,500 18,972 39,472 1,528 3 12 Property crime 25,780 39,681 65,461 2,534 -3 -34 Other Criminal Code offences 27,661 45,271 72,932 2,823 9 34 Criminal Code(excluding traffic) 73,941 103,924 177,865 6,885 3 -6 Drug offences 6,382 11,509 17,891 693 2 97 From: The Juristat: Youth crime in Canada,  2006, Vol.  28, no.  3 From the table above, the rate of property crime has a sharp decline and become the lowest point of the past decade. That is to say, the poverty reason of youth crime gets less influence on the behavior of young people. However the rate of drug offences has a surprising increase and it has become the major factor of youth crime. The table also shows there are slight climbing on the rates of violent crime and other Criminal Code offences. (2) Consequences of youth crime People are affected by crime on many aspects, usually young people are innocent about the law and punishments they choose to commit crime blindly only for the money they want or a way to let off their feelings. As a result, violent and drug substance abuse have bad effects on young people daily life and the security of the whole society cannot be guaranteed. Parents will concern their children security and maybe they cannot work with all their enthusiasm. Each youth will be afraid of going to school since there are so many violent crimes on campus. (3) Analysis of regression (RSS) Firstly according to the table the rates of poverty crime and the rates of Criminal Code (excluding traffic) declined so that the two rates have little effects on the youth crime, in order to build model more easily, the above two referred rates will be removed. Secondly a model should be built to determine whether the three rates left have relations with youth crime then some reasons can be given clearly. Through the data of model, a result of the RSS will be introduced in the following content. Equation: y =ÃŽÂ ±+ÃŽÂ ²1 x1 +ÃŽÂ ²2 x 2 + ÃŽÂ ²3x 3+ÃŽÂ µ In the equation, y indicates the rate of youth crime while x1 x 2 x 3 are separately on behalf of violent crime, other Criminal Code offences and drug offences. ÃŽÂ ²1 ÃŽÂ ²2 ÃŽÂ ²3 are parameters represent the relation of x and y. Result Coefficients Standard error T Stat P-value Lower 95 % Upper 95 % Intercept -0.0577 0.006621 -18.3402 5.28E-08 -0.083423 -0.05553 XVariable1 0.0002423 5.038E-05 10.696 6.35E-09 0.001439 0.00438 XVariable2 0.005873 7.341E-05 12.372 4.67E-12 0.07963 0.00634 XVariable3 0.08212 1.287E-05 0.3527 18.35E-08 6.657E-05 8.342E-05 ÃŽÂ ±= -0.0577 ÃŽÂ ²1= 0.0002423 ÃŽÂ ²2 = 0.005873 ÃŽÂ ²3= 0.08212 Equation: y =-0.0577+0.0002423 x1 +0.005873 x 2 + 0.08212x 3+ÃŽÂ µ (4) The specific reasons of youth crime in Canada On the one hand, drug and substance abuse is the most important factor contributed to the rate of youth crime. This factor has become the dominant strength for youth crime which mostly comes from the lack supervision of the environment young people live. The rate of drug-related youth crime has increased dramatically compared with 10 years earlier. Drug and substance abuse will not only have bad effects on youth mentally but also it will damage the health of young people that can not recover easily. The pressure may be from family, school and the inside of youth heart so others can not discover in a short time. On the other hand, the rates of violent crime and other Criminal Code offences are climbing up slightly. The reason is mostly from the social factors which include poor impulse control, lack of communication and the imitation of others behaviors. Aside from the mental factor, it is true young people usually get a lot of pressure from the surroundings, if they can not find a legal way to relieve their feelings the probability they chose to crime will be climb up. Even some of young people view crime as a pleasure that is awful, and this kind of thought mostly comes from the media and films. They commit crime for fun, it will damage others benefits eventually so will the youth. All in all, it is necessary to control the number of youth drug crime which has become the most serious problem of the society. Meanwhile lack of family communication and school correct guide can also lead to young people committing crime. That is to say young people always know nothing about their behaviors and what bad results will happen to the persons they maybe hurt. 3.0 Based on the economics theory and the information in this article, what advice would you give organizations in reducing the rate of young people crime? First for the dramatic increase in the youth drug and substance offences, it is necessary to redesign the program of youth education. Currently there are still many people who do not realize the importance of the education, even the people with higher education. In order to broadcast the essence of education, a new system of education should be designed and displayed among persons from one to another. If a young person receives higher education, he can get a job more easily and the possibility of crime will get down. In a long run, the awareness of whole society will decrease the rate of unemployment so that the number of crime can be controlled completely. Secondly it is efficient to reduce the drug availability since the problem of drug and substance abuse is the most serious one. To make fewer people get access to dangerous drugs availability of it is needed to be cut short. A drug addicted young person may work without enough attention and thus cannot afford his/her drug expenses. As a result youth may crime so that they can get money they need. Government should carry out effective ways to reduce the drug availability, and give severe punishment once the drug criminals are accused. A record of each criminal activities and asset possession etc. should be maintained by the police system, and all vehicles must be registered in a platform so that it is easier to find the criminal track. Youth may consider more about the result of the crime with the fear of their record on previous crime. Thirdly it is necessary to enhance the law forcing agencies. Since the number of youth crime is climbing up, it is obvious that more police needed. To improve the police attitude about work, the environment they work should be improved and the problem in their life should be solved as soon as possible. The train of the police is necessary because offenders will commit more crimes when they think the police cannot have enough capacity to catch them. If the whole level of forcing agencies is improved, offenders will think more deeply about committing a crime. Youth stealing goods usually sells them to get money they want. There are special markets to recycle the stolen good for sale. If these markets are forced to close in law, goods youth stolen cannot find a method to change money. As a result, the incentive of stealing or robbing goods can be decreased. At last, youth crime has become a serious problem which needs government and citizen effort together to solve. Aside from the measures above, there are still some other methods which can be taken to control the youth crime. For example, if government can supply more employment opportunities, the rate of youth crime will fall. Besides, reducing of poverty and inequality is also a good way to control the number of youth crime. The inequality can be declined through correct tax policy with fair consideration.  The rich should be levied more heavily than the poor so that the poor can receive more help from the government and the increasing minimum of wage in the country. When the number of young people getting work is increasing, the chances of their criminal activities will fall. 4.0 Conclusion Through the analysis of the Canada database in 2006, building a model and using the RSS method it is obvious to see there are three reasons contributed to youth crime. The most important one is drug and substance abuse which take up more than 90% of the whole youth crime. Following it is other Criminal Code offences and violent crime. The conclusion is these three reasons take up almost all the youth crime which should be given enough attentions. In addition, there are many bad consequences of youth crimes which can influence the young people themselves, the family they live and even the whole society. Thus it is necessary to take measures immediately to solve the problem of youth crime. To sum up, young people is the hope of the whole country so how to reduce the number of youth crime has many relations with the future of the country. Based on the theory and data, the reasons why young people commit crime are given properly, and the government should take some measures according to these reasons in order to control youth crime. Meanwhile lack of family communication has bad effects on the children in their growth, and this can lead to a series of problems in the society. Government must call parents for their responsibilities to their children, only by doing so can be the problem solved completely. Through the government, family, and the whole society cooperate each other closely, make sure each young person realizes the bad effects of the crime so that a new social environment will be formed.

Benedick and Beatrice in “Much Ado About Nothing” Essay

One of the most important aspects in â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing† is the story of love. It is often the basis for what transpires throughout the play and can most easily be seen through the relationships between Hero and Claudio, and Benedick and Beatrice. During the play the reader learns a lot about these couples as well as how they possess some of the same relationship traits whilst still seeing the obvious disparities between them. Benedick and Beatrice represent a â€Å"love/hate† relationship. They share many things in common and both are cynical of love and marriage. They are witty intellectual and not at all shy, which leads to many wars of words between them. In the beginning of the novel, the hate between this eventual couple is evident. Beatrice says to Benedict, â€Å"I wonder that you will still be talking, Signor / Benedict. Nobody marks you†. Benedict comes back with, â€Å"What, my dear Lady Disdain! Are you yet / living?†. Although Beatrice and Benedict may have no idea; the fact that they love each other must be evident to the rest of the characters. Otherwise, their friends and family would not have tricked them into admitting their love. Claudio and Hero represent a more romantic relationship. Claudio finds himself in love with Hero upon coming back from battle and he is not ashamed to admit his love for her. â€Å"I would scarce trust myself, though I had sworn the contrary, if Hero would be my wife†. This leads to Don Pedro assisting in Claudio’s proposal and gaining Leonato’s acceptance. Claudio and Hero’s love is mostly based on looks, since they did not know one another very well before Hero accepts Don Pedro’s proposal to marry Claudio. The fact that they don’t know each other means that there is little trust between them and this is exploited when Hero is accused of being unfaithful. Claudio is also extremely gullible and jealous and that is why he shames Hero at their first wedding. Although there are many differences between the two couples there are also some similarities. Both couples had to deal with obstacles that they would not have overcome without the help of others. Beatrice and Benedict would still be arguing if their friends did not trick them into thinking that they were in love with each other. They would not have realized that their  constant bickering with each other translated into loving emotions. Claudio and Hero’s relationship is broken when Hero is accused of being unfaithful but with the help of Dogberry and Verges, it is revealed that the accusations are not true. This allows Claudio to clear Hero’s name and marry her in the end. An obvious similarity between the relationships is that they both accomplish love.

The Biomedical Mode of Health

The biomedical model of health Introduction In health psychology it is seen that health is defined by different models. One such model is the biomedical model of health which revolves around the aspect of a healthy body. The model was introduced in the nineteenth century and has been used widely to diagnose diseases by the doctors. According to the model every disease or disorder is caused by a physical harm. In other words the diseases or disorders are caused by germs or genes which might be changing the internal environment of the body to cause the disease.Although it has been introduced in the nineteenth century, the roots of the model date back to the 17th century when Cartesian dualism existed. After its introduction the model replaced the previously famous Humoral paradigm in the twentieth century. The discovery of antibiotics proved to be a breakthrough in the approval of the model. However in the late twentieth century some of the sociologists again started questioning the in tegrity of the biomedical model of health as they considered the social wellbeing of an individual to be as important as the biological well being (Curtis 2002; Taylor 2008; Lovallo 2005; Havelka et al 2009).Biomedical Model of Health The biomedical model of health takes its roots from the Cartesian Dualism which is dated back to the seventeenth century in the times of Descartes. Cartesian Dualism revolved around the aspect that both mind and body are two separate entities irrespective of their functions. In a similar fashion the model considers physical causes to be the main reason for the disease. The model has replaced the previously followed Humoral Paradigm which was formed by the Greeks.According to this paradigm the diseases in a human body are caused by a certain abnormality in the four basic fluids of the body. In those times the four basic fluids of the body were believed to be blood, black bile, yellow bile and phlegm. The treatment of this paradigm also revolved around t he maintenance of these four basic fluids. One thing that the Humoral paradigm and biomedical model of health have in common is that both of them consider bodily factors to be the cause of the disease (Curtis 2002).The biomedical model of health revolves around certain factors which have to be present. The model states that for a person to be unhealthy they have to have some sort of biological abnormality. It also states that every disease has some specific cause which has to be diagnosed by the doctor in order to cure the patient. It also involves the process of treatment and states that the human body can be reversed back to the normal condition if the right treatment is served to the diseased person. It states that psychological and social processes do not take part in the disease causing process.Moreover it also assumes that mind and body are two different entities that have no such relation with each other and lastly the health of the whole society is dependent on the resources that are available to the medical society as a whole (Taylor 2008). The model is largely followed all over the world and its principles are also seen to be the most convincing these days. It is because of this model that researches are being conducted on the biochemical and genetic processes of the body to find out about the different diseases.Moreover all the doctors being trained these days are trained on the principles of this model as they have to learn about the internal environment of a human being so that they can treat them. In other words they have to understand the human body so that they can intervene in the process of disease that may be causing harm to the patient (Curtis 2002; Taylor & Field 2007). It has helped to carry out several projects have proved to be a breakthrough in treating various diseases occurring in the society. The Human Genome Project is an example of the advantages of this model.Human Genome Project was a project launched in the year 1990 by interna tional authorities to find out the sequencing of the human genome along with the identification of the chemical base pairs. Human genomes are the genes which contain information about the hereditary characteristics that an individual would possess. In human beings these are found in the form of genes located on the chromosomes. It is this human genome project which allowed the doctors to learn a lot about the structure of chromosomes, the proteins coded by the genes, and the number of genes in a human being.It has also made the surgeries safe and effective. Moreover it has also assisted in controlling the diseases occurring all over the world and this can be noticed in the statistics of morality in the different nations. The diseases which were previously considered to be untreatable can now be treated because of the knowledge acquired after the introduction of this model. As an example the cases of pneumonia and appendicitis can be considered which previously were untreatable. Pneu monia is a disease caused by the bacteria Pneumococcus and affects the lungs whereas appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix.Pneumonia is a life threatening condition which could not be cured previously but nowadays it can be cured with the help of antibiotics. Appendicitis is also a lethal condition which can be cured with the help of surgery. (Taylor & Field 2007; Havelka et al 2009; Robbins et al 2005). Limitations of the Biomedical Model of Health The biomedical model of health has its own shortcomings and is termed as reductionist by the opponents. In other words it does not broaden its concept towards the factors other than genes and chemicals for example the factors relating to economic or social environment of the individual.This however is covered by the holistic approach which takes the whole situation in consideration before taking a step. Similarly another factor that is mentioned is the relation of the model to the physical causes of the diseases concerned. The opponents point out that not all the diseases are related to physical causes but some of them are caused by a multitude of the factors. An example of the heart disease atherosclerosis can be cited here in which the factors of genetics, diet, and lifestyle play a role (Curtis 2002).It is also criticized to be more related to the aspect of curing rather than preventing the disease. It is believed to be totally ignoring the aspects of social and psychological variants which do have a role in the progression of a disease. The treatment process is also related to these variants and again this model does not take into consideration these variants because of which some treatments do not go successful (Taylor 2008). Lastly, the model emphasizes on the body in particular irrespective of the role that mind plays in the health of an individual.This aspect of the model can be denied because the research these days show that the mind plays a great role in influencing the body. Some diseases may be caused because the person may be living in unstable economic conditions and these conditions are not taken into consideration by the model. An example can be cited here in the therapies that are recommended for people who are suffering from different diseases. For example the cognitive therapy recommended for patients suffering from cancer. Cognitive therapy is recommended in the treatment of certain cancers as individuals undergoing he treatment suffer from symptoms like pain, memory loss, lack of concentration, irrational behaviour and mood swings. Cognitive therapies can help in relieving all these symptoms as shown by different researches. (Curtis 2002; Scipio et al 2006). Conclusion The biomedical model of health has been questioned by many sociologists as it does not take the aspect of social well being in its definition. Health is a factor which is dependent on all the aspects of life as put down by the sociologists.Economic and social factors should also be considered wh en analyzing the health of an individual. These factors also determine the emotions of an individual and hence the person can be sociologically unfit. In other words it is not necessary for a healthy person to be sociologically fit in the current definition of the biomedical model of health. In the latter half of the twentieth century it was realized that the biomedical model of health can be applied to the ones who are diseased biologically but not the ones who are unfit by other means.This approach therefore led to the adaptation of a new approach known as holistic approach. It is seen that nowadays the biomedical model is adopted for curing purposes along with other factors of society when curing a disease (Curtis 2002; Taylor & Field 2007; Derick & Halligan 1970; Checkland et al 2008). References Lovallo, W. R. , & Lovallo, W. R. (2005). Stress & health: Biological and psychological interactions. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications. Checkland, K. , Harrison, S. , McDonald, R . , Grant, S. , Campbell, S. , & Guthrie, B. (January 01, 2008).Biomedicine, holism and general medical practice: responses to the 2004 General Practitioner contract. Sociology of Health & Illness, 30, 5, 788-803. Havelka, M. , Lucanin, J. D. , & Lucanin, D. (January 01, 2009). Biopsychosocial model–the integrated approach to health and disease. Collegium Antropologicum, 33, 1, 303-10. Taylor, S. E. (2008). Health psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Curtis, A. J. (2002). Health psychology. London: Routledge. Taylor, S. , & Field, D. (2007). Sociology of health and health care. Oxford: Blackwell Pub.Wade, Derick T, & Halligan, Peter W. (1970). Do biomedical models of illness make for good healthcare systems?. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. Kumar, Vinay, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson Fausto, Stanley L. Robbins, and Ramzi S. Cotran. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2005. Abernethy AP, Keefe FJ, McCrory DC, Scipio CD, Matchar DB. Behavioural therapies for the management of cancer pain: a systematic review. In: Flor H, Kalso E, Dostrovsky JO, editors. Proceedings of the 11th World Congress on Pain. Seattle: IASP Press; 2006. p. 789–98.

Free Essays on Models Of Disease

Is drinking too much a behavior something that a problem drinker does? Or is it a disease something that he or she has? While a theory of addiction as a disease has prevailed among some professionals for over thirty years, other professionals believe addiction to be a learned behavior and a harmful habit that can lead to physical diseases. One metaphor used to describe this difference concerns the smoking of cigarettes. Smoking cigarettes can lead to lung cancer, which is a disease, but the activity of smoking is, in itself, a behavior. Cancer is the disease. Smoking is not cancer. (The Diseasing of Addiction in America by Patricia Hirsch) The disease model of addiction has its basis in physiology. Initially it was conceived as an allergic reaction and later as a genetic predisposition. The model views addiction as a progressive disease with the elemental symptoms of craving, loss of control, progressive deterioration. Newer definitions have added psychosocial factors along with a preoccupation with the drug, use despite negative consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. It has also been described as an illness that is physical, mental, and spiritual in nature. Applying this model, the addict or alcoholic is no longer blamed or held responsible for their addiction, though they must be accountable for their behavior (cited by Walters, 1999). From a medical point of view, some evidence suggests that genetic background and metabolic makeup or both can make an individual more susceptible to addiction. Disease model theory believes that drug abuse is not ‘normal; it is the product of a disease process. They believe that this is why some people become addicted whilst others do not become dependant when exposed to a drug. The disease model believes that addicts should be treated rather than punished. The weakness with this theory is that if addiction is a disease then how can people be addicted to i.e. (to... Free Essays on Models Of Disease Free Essays on Models Of Disease Is drinking too much a behavior something that a problem drinker does? Or is it a disease something that he or she has? While a theory of addiction as a disease has prevailed among some professionals for over thirty years, other professionals believe addiction to be a learned behavior and a harmful habit that can lead to physical diseases. One metaphor used to describe this difference concerns the smoking of cigarettes. Smoking cigarettes can lead to lung cancer, which is a disease, but the activity of smoking is, in itself, a behavior. Cancer is the disease. Smoking is not cancer. (The Diseasing of Addiction in America by Patricia Hirsch) The disease model of addiction has its basis in physiology. Initially it was conceived as an allergic reaction and later as a genetic predisposition. The model views addiction as a progressive disease with the elemental symptoms of craving, loss of control, progressive deterioration. Newer definitions have added psychosocial factors along with a preoccupation with the drug, use despite negative consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. It has also been described as an illness that is physical, mental, and spiritual in nature. Applying this model, the addict or alcoholic is no longer blamed or held responsible for their addiction, though they must be accountable for their behavior (cited by Walters, 1999). From a medical point of view, some evidence suggests that genetic background and metabolic makeup or both can make an individual more susceptible to addiction. Disease model theory believes that drug abuse is not ‘normal; it is the product of a disease process. They believe that this is why some people become addicted whilst others do not become dependant when exposed to a drug. The disease model believes that addicts should be treated rather than punished. The weakness with this theory is that if addiction is a disease then how can people be addicted to i.e. (to...

1984 Nineteen Eighty

1984 Nineteen Eighty 1984: Nineteen Eighty-four and Varying Different Forms Essay The novel 1984 by George Orwell is a dystopian text written in 1948 to serve as warning against the dangers of a totalitarian society. Prominent events in the 1940s such as the fear of Communist powers rising and the development of new technologies has driven Orwell create a society that reflects upon the abuse of technology in a world which absolute political authority is present. Conflict in its varying different forms has been thoroughly explored throughout the text through the author’s use of powerful literary techniques. Immediately, we are drawn into the world of 1984, where conflict is reflected through the government’s totalitarian regime and the conformed society which the citizens live in. This bleak and dismal society is conveyed through the author’s use of a dull and depressing tone in the opening paragraphs. The ending of the first paragraph ‘†¦the clocks were striking thirteen.’ gives us the first insight that there is something abnormal about this society, as the word ‘thirteen’ is not generally used in everyday society. The repetition of government propaganda is present within this society as we come across numerous posters each depicting the face of a man, with the caption ‘BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU’ emblazoned underneath. The character, Big Brother is depicted as the figurehead of a government which has absolute power within the state. Further evidence of the government’s overwhelming power is given through the descri ption of the Ministry of Truth, ‘†¦an enormous pyramidal structure of glittering white concrete, soaring up, terrace after terrace, three hundred metres into the air.’ Orwell uses the technique of imagery symbolism to convey the oppressive might of the government, with the Ministry of Truth easily standing out from the rest of the dilapidated landscape. Orwell’s earlier warning on the dangers of technological advancement is shown through the government’s abuse of technology as a means to constantly monitor its subjects. ‘Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper would be picked up by it....he could be seen as well as heard’. Conflict is portrayed through circumstances which relate back to context and through the totalitarian regime and its oppression of all those who live in it. Through means of propaganda and control of information, the Party is able to manipulate its subjects by creating tension that will inevitably lead to conflict within that society. War is a recurring theme within the novel, as a means of oppression to keep its subjects in a state of constant fear. ’ â€Å"Our forces in South India have won a glorious victory. I am authorised to say that the action we are reporting may well bring the war within measurable distance of its end.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The author uses dialogue to broadcast a constant stream of war propaganda that is specifically designed to make the Party appear successful while also serving as a distraction from any possible simmering resentment within the state. The true nature of the war, is kept hidden from citizens as to even whom the enemy is, is left unclear. Winston’s thoughts reflect this; ‘The Party said that Oceania had never been in alliance with Eurasia. He, Winston Smith, knew that Oceania had be en in alliance with Eurasia as short time as four years ago. But where did that knowledge exist?’ Orwell’s use of a rhetoric question allows us to grasp this state of utter confusion to show an individual’s inability to rely on their own memory making them perfectly willing believe whatever the Party says. The Party slogan ‘Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past.’ depicts how by controlling the present, the Party is able to manipulate the past and by controlling the past the Party is able justify its actions in the present and therefore maintain control within that society. Conflict is evident through the government’s arrogant exercise of power as shown in their psychological

Critical Review of Nelson Mandelas Autobiography, A Long Walk to Essay

Critical Review of Nelson Mandelas Autobiography, A Long Walk to Freedom - Essay Example Along with his peers, Mandela was inculcated with a tremendous sense of responsibility to his family and community. This is evident from his statement, "at night, I shared my food and blanket with these same boys. I was no more than five when I became a herd-boy, looking after sheep and calves in the fields." The important element that contributed to the political consciousness of Mandela during his youth was his listening to the elders of his village discuss the history of their people. "It was from Chief Joyi that I began to discover that the history of the Bantu-speaking peoples began far to the north continent." He learned much about some of the atrocities experienced by his people under European colonial rule and this began to shape his consciousness. Mandela's desire to study law emanated from his observations of the paramount chief conducting court in his village and from his commitment to helping to end minority rule in South Africa. "My later notions of leadership were prof oundly influenced by observing the regent and his court. I watched and learned from the tribal meetings that were regularly held at the Great Place". Mandela's initiation into political activism began in 1940 while he was working on his degree at Fort Hare College in the Eastern Cape. He did well academically but he began to realize himself as 'the other'. "We were taught -- and believed -- that the best ideas were English ideas, the best government was English government, and the best men were Englishmen. " Such education persuaded him to forge an identity of his own. As a member of the Student's Representative Council, he was suspended from school for participating in a boycott to protest the reduction of the council's powers by authorities. After returning home briefly, he soon left for Johannesburg to avoid an arranged marriage and being trained for chieftainship. The events that occurred here are important as they shape Mandela's views about segregation. While working as a mine policeman, he observed, "the mining companies preferred such segregation because it prevented different ethnic groups from uniting around a common grievance and reinforced the power of the chiefs." During this period, the early 1940's, Mandela became politically aware and joined the African National Congress (ANC), a middle-class political movement founded in 1912. Chafing at the ANC's ineffectiveness in getting the government to recognize African rights, he helped launch its Youth League in 1944. Four years later, the Afrikaner-dominated National Party's rise to power began the apartheid era and made ANC activities more urgent. In the early 1950s he initiated the defiance campaign' against the discriminatory policies of the South African government, and argued for non-violent resistance to apartheid. However, following the Sharpeville massacre in 1960 his position changed, and he was forced underground to avoid the newly-imposed ban on the ANC. The horrors at Sharp eville hardened Mandela's resolve, and he began to advocate a different course of non-terrorist' action, aimed at the state but theoretically preventing civilian unrest. He was appointed the campaign's national volunteer-in-chief, which required that he travel throughout South Africa visiting the many black townships in order to explain and win mass support for the campaign.

How Bingeing Became the New College Sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How Bingeing Became the New College Sport - Essay Example The present research has identified that according to the U.S laws, persons who completed 18 years of age are matured enough to vote whereas only after the completion of 21 years of age, they are matured enough to drink. Even though the above law helped saving the lives of many youths from alcohol-related driving accidents and alcohol poisoning, it resulted in the creation of an unintended culture around forbidden alcoholism among the youths. College life is perceived also as an opportunity for drinking by the youths. â€Å"Drinking has been an aspect of college life since the first Western universities in the 14th century† (Seaman). In the 90’s the beer culture on college campuses was shifted to hard liquor culture. It is better to lower the drinking age to 18 even if some problems may occur initially. The initial thirst for drinking may settle after some time and the students will definitely concentrate more on studies thereafter, as witnessed in the Montreal's McGill University. Montreal's McGill University, which enrolls about 2,000 American undergraduates a year, reported that many students, when they first arrive, go overboard, exploiting their ability to drink legally. â€Å"But by midterms, when McGills demanding academic standards must be met, the vast majority has put drinking into its practical place among their priorities†. In short, drink age should be lowered to 18 from 21. In my opinion, lowering of drink age from 21 to 18 is not a wise step. It is a fact that the voting rights were allotted to those who completed 18 years of age. At the same time, we must visualize the voting right and drink age as two separate issues. Drinking will destroy the ability of a person to think rationally. Giving voting rights at 18 years of age is a strategy for developing political awareness and interest among students.